Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile inorganic compound with a wide range of industrial applications. Here are some key details about industrial-grade zinc oxide:

Properties:
1. Appearance: Typically a white powder or granules.
2. Chemical Formula: ZnO
3. Solubility: Insoluble in water, but soluble in acids and bases.
4. Melting Point: Approximately 1,975 °C (3,587 °F).

Production:

1. Methods: Produced mainly through the indirect method (oxidizing zinc vapor) and direct method (oxidizing zinc metal).
2. Purity: Industrial-grade zinc oxide usually contains varying levels of impurities, depending on the production method.

Applications:

1. Rubber Industry: Used as a vulcanizing agent and filler.
2. Ceramics: Acts as a flux and glaze component.
3. Paints and Coatings: Provides opacity, durability, and UV protection.
4. Cosmetics: Commonly found in sunscreens and skin ointments due to its UV-blocking properties.
5. Pharmaceuticals: Utilized in topical ointments and creams for its soothing effects.
6. Agriculture: Serves as a micronutrient and fungicide.

Safety and Handling: Generally considered safe, but inhalation of dust may irritate respiratory pathways. Proper protective equipment is recommended when handling.

Environmental Impact: Zinc oxide can be toxic to aquatic life in large quantities, so proper disposal methods must be followed to mitigate environmental risks.
These characteristics make zinc oxide a crucial material in various industries, contributing to the functionality and durability of numerous products.