Red ocher (or red ochre) is a natural earth pigment that ranges in color from deep red to yellowish-red. It consists primarily of iron oxide (hematite) and clay. Here are some key details about red ocher:

Composition: Primarily made of iron oxide, it can also contain clay and other minerals, giving it its characteristic earthy texture.

Color: The pigment can vary in hue, typically appearing in shades of red, ranging from bright crimson to muted brick tones.

Historical Use: Red ocher has been used since prehistoric times for various purposes, including cave paintings, ceremonial decorations, and body paint. Its use in art and decoration spans across cultures and time periods.

Applications: Besides artistic applications, red ocher is also used in cosmetics, as a dye for fabrics, and in some traditional medicinal practices.

Availability: It is found in various regions worldwide, with notable sources in Europe, Africa, and North America.

Cultural Significance: In many cultures, red ocher is associated with life, fertility, and protection, often used in rituals and spiritual practices.

Red ocher continues to be valued in art and craftsmanship for its natural beauty and historical significance.